Anadenanthera colubrina
(Vell.) Brenan · speciesAt a glance
Sources14 archives
Databases and archives Anadenanthera colubrina's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 208 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI8 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics11 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Anadenanthera colubrina (also known as vilca, huilco, huilca, wilco, willka, curupay, curupau, cebil, or angico) is a South American tree closely related to yopo, or Anadenanthera peregrina. It grows to 5-20 m tall and the trunk is very thorny. The leaves are mimosa-like, up to 30 cm in length and they fold up at night.Diccionarios Botánicos In Argentina, A. colubrina produces flowers from September to December and bean pods from September to July.Angelo Z, Dante and Capriles, José M. La Importancia de las Plantas Psicotrópicas para la Economía de Intercambio y Relaciones de Interacción en el Altiplano sur Andino. Chungará (Arica). Volumen Especial, 2004. Pages 1023-1035. Chungara, Revista de Antropología Chilena. ISSN 0717-7356. In Brazil A. colubrina has been given "high priority" conservation status.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology12
Life cycle & reproduction6
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment10
Physiology & chemistry4
Other traits2
Compounds documented for Anadenanthera colubrina across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds90 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1R,4As,8Ar)-5,5,8A-Trimethyl-4-Oxo-1-[(E)-2-(5-Oxo-2H-Furan-4-Yl)Ethenyl]-4A,6,7,8-Tetrahydro-1H-Naphthalene-2-Carbaldehyde | present | NPASS | |
| (2R,3R,4S,5S)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2,3,5-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-4,5,6-trihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S,3S,4R,5R,6R)-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6R)-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S)-3,4-dihydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4S,5R,6R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]oxan-2-yl]methoxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-3-[(2S,3R,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-4,6-dimethyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxane-2-carboxylic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| (3E,5R)-3-[2-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]ethylidene]-5-hydroxyoxolan-2-one | present | NPASS | |
| (3S,6E)-Nerolidol | present | NPASS | |
| (4S,4aR,8aS)-4-[(Z)-2-(furan-3-yl)ethenyl]-3,4a,8,8-tetramethyl-5,6,7,8a-tetrahydro-4H-naphthalen-1-one | present | NPASS | |
| (E)-4-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-2-(2,2-diethoxyethyl)but-2-enal | present | NPASS | |
| (E)-4-[(1S,4aS,8aS)-5,5,8a-trimethyl-2-methylidene-3,4,4a,6,7,8-hexahydro-1H-naphthalen-1-yl]-2-(2-hydroxyethyl)but-2-enal | present | NPASS | |
| 1,7-Bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-4,6-dien-3-one | present | NPASS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Anadenanthera colubrina has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Anadenanthera colubrina carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 264×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-atlas-flowering-plants
2n 242×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · iapt
n 121×CCDB · Cannon, 2015
n 131×CCDB · Cannon, 2015
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type3 208 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions52 of 155 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| UNIVASFlocation not on record | 258 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 195 |
| Salvador, BR | 190 |
| Saint Louis, US | 151 |
| JBRJlocation not on record | 130 |
| San Jose State University, Museum of Birds and Mammalslocation not on record | 120 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 113 |
| Bronx, US | 96 |
| Kew, GB | 71 |
| Chaguaramas, TT | 68 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 64 |
| La Paz, BO | 62 |
| Santa Cruz de la Sierra, BO | 56 |
| Masindi, UG | 54 |
| Feira de Santana, BR | 53 |
| Chicago, US | 48 |
| UFRPElocation not on record | 46 |
| Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Nortelocation not on record | 46 |
| Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária, IPAlocation not on record | 43 |
| UnBlocation not on record | 39 |
| CEPLAClocation not on record | 37 |
| Cenargenlocation not on record | 35 |
| Brasília, BR | 32 |
| USP-IBlocation not on record | 28 |
| UFPElocation not on record | 28 |
| Ivano-Frankivsk, UA | 27 |
| CPATSAlocation not on record | 27 |
| Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreallocation not on record | 26 |
| Universidade Federal de Sergipe (UFS)location not on record | 25 |
| UNESP-RClocation not on record | 24 |
| UEMlocation not on record | 22 |
| UTFPR-CPlocation not on record | 22 |
| MAlocation not on record | 19 |
| Maringá, BR | 18 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 18 |
| UFMGlocation not on record | 17 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 16 |
| UNICAMPlocation not on record | 16 |
| Brasília, BR | 15 |
| Departamento de Sistematica e Ecologialocation not on record | 14 |
| UFVJMlocation not on record | 14 |
| Loja, EC | 14 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 14 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 13 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 13 |
| Sucre, BO | 13 |
| UNESP-IBILCElocation not on record | 12 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 11 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 11 |
| ESALQlocation not on record | 11 |
| UFSCarlocation not on record | 10 |
| UESBlocation not on record | 10 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 9 |
| Corrientes, AR | 9 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 9 |
| Ilhéus, BR | 9 |
| Foz do Iguaçu, BR | 9 |
| Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campus do Pantanallocation not on record | 9 |
| Cascavel, BR | 9 |
| UNITINSlocation not on record | 8 |
| Paleontological Collectionlocation not on record | 8 |
| Bogotá, D.C., CO | 8 |
| HACAMlocation not on record | 7 |
| San Isidro, AR | 7 |
| Aarhus, DK | 7 |
| Centro de Pesquisas Agropecuarias do Tropico Umidolocation not on record | 7 |
| UERJlocation not on record | 7 |
| Blumenau, BR | 6 |
| Campo Mourão, BR | 6 |
| Londrina, BR | 6 |
| Cusco, PE | 6 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 5 |
| UFRRJlocation not on record | 5 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 5 |
| UFERSAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Universidade Federale do Rio Grande do Sullocation not on record | 5 |
| UNIVILLElocation not on record | 5 |
| Cruz das Almas, BR | 5 |
| Jataí / Setor Industrial, BR | 5 |
| Universität Tübingenlocation not on record | 5 |
| URCAlocation not on record | 4 |
| Universiti Sains Malaysialocation not on record | 4 |
| UFABClocation not on record | 4 |
| Cochabamba, BO | 4 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Paris, FR | 4 |
| Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA)location not on record | 4 |
| IPA/SPlocation not on record | 4 |
| UFPIlocation not on record | 4 |
| HUT Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Federal University of Espírito Santolocation not on record | 3 |
| Córdoba, AR | 3 |
| UFESlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade de São Paulolocation not on record | 3 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal de Goiáslocation not on record | 3 |
| Uberlândia, BR | 3 |
| UTFPR-DVlocation not on record | 3 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 3 |
| Cuiabá, BR | 3 |
| UNESP, Campus São José Rio Prêtolocation not on record | 3 |
| Ural Federal University "B. N. Yeltsin"location not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Paulistalocation not on record | 3 |
| MUFALlocation not on record | 3 |
| Gutierrez,J. & Carretero, A.C."location not on record | 3 |
| Universidade Federal do Maranhãolocation not on record | 3 |
| Teresina, BR | 3 |
| Elocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Espírito Santolocation not on record | 2 |
| Xiamen, CN | 2 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 2 |
| FUNEDlocation not on record | 2 |
| QCNElocation not on record | 2 |
| HUENFlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tampa, US | 2 |
| COLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| UNESP-ISlocation not on record | 2 |
| UFPRlocation not on record | 2 |
| Seropédica, BR | 2 |
| St. Augustine, TT | 2 |
| Phoenix, US | 2 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Oeste da Bahialocation not on record | 2 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 2 |
| Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chilelocation not on record | 2 |
| Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Ministry of Agriculturelocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbario de la Universidad Técnica del Nortelocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Teresa, BR | 1 |
| UEMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 1 |
| Quito, EC | 1 |
| Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeirolocation not on record | 1 |
| FPMZBlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| Bloomington, US | 1 |
| Museum of Zoologylocation not on record | 1 |
| Iquitos, PE | 1 |
| UTFPR-SLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 1 |
| Centro de Estudios y Colecciones Biológicas para la Conservaciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFSClocation not on record | 1 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 1 |
| MEXUlocation not on record | 1 |
| South Kensington, GB | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Asunciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Lima, PE | 1 |
| EL PASO, US | 1 |
| LDlocation not on record | 1 |
| INMAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidade Federal do Vale do São Franciscolocation not on record | 1 |
| Alcaldía Municipal de Garzón en Huilalocation not on record | 1 |
| Mississippi State, US | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Anadenanthera colubrina was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.