A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Amara brunnea has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens45
BINs3
Marker genes1
eDNA detections61
Countries6
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P658 bp consensus31 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 94% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 38 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)1.6%
Haplotypes9
BINs3
Most divergent pair5.8%
N.AmericaEurope
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
07Deep time2.58–1.8 Ma
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
Fossil range2.58–1.8 Ma Pleistocene
Dated fossil finds2
StatusNot recorded since 1.8 Ma
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The solid bar is the fossil range: the span between the oldest and the youngest fossil that palaeontologists have assigned to Amara brunnea. Above itBeside it, each dot is one dated fossil find — few enough to count, so they are drawn individually rather than as a graph.
fossil range (PBDB)each dot = one dated find
How it livedPBDB
Environmentterrestrial
Motilityactively mobile
Compositionchitin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type4 930 records
Wild obs. + sensor3 296
Museum / vouchered1 620
Fossil11
Other3
Origin
Native1
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO4 244 km²
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy96% within 1 km
≤100 m 417≤1 km 760≤10 km 45>10 km 3
1 225 georeferenced · 2 071 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor3 296
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy76% within 1 km
≤100 m 690≤1 km 364≤10 km 281>10 km 45
1 380 georeferenced · 240 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 620
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions15 of 45 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
Edmonton, CA
174
SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record
164
Trondheim, NO
122
NTNU-VMlocation not on record
119
Tempe, US
102
Museum of Zoology at the University of Bergen, Invertebrate Collectionlocation not on record
90
Olocation not on record
83
Helsinki, FI
82
NHMOlocation not on record
74
Metsähallituslocation not on record
71
TMPMlocation not on record
45
Jyväskylä, FI
44
Kuopio, FI
44
Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii Polskiej Akademii Nauklocation not on record
40
Tromsø, NO
35
Tartu, EE
33
FEBlocation not on record
23
Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU)location not on record
20
Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record
16
Tallinn, EE
11
LSMlocation not on record
10
MZLUlocation not on record
10
NEON Biorepository at Arizona State Universitylocation not on record
10
Oulu, FI
10
BioFokuslocation not on record
8
Copenhagen, DK
7
Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record
6
NMBU:MINAlocation not on record
4
IFR-DNFlocation not on record
3
Essig Museum of Entomologylocation not on record
2
ZMAAlocation not on record
2
Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record
2
University of Alberta Museums (UAM)location not on record
2
ZSMlocation not on record
2
Dhaka, BD
2
neflocation not on record
1
Rovaniemi, FI
1
Leuphanalocation not on record
1
Zoologisches Forschungsmuseum Alexander Koeniglocation not on record
1
University of Alaska Museumlocation not on record
1
Natural History Museum of Utahlocation not on record
1
Salzburg, AT
1
Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology (IPAE)location not on record
1
Tilburg, NL
1
Naturéum — Muséum cantonal des sciences naturelles, Lausanne, Département Zoologielocation not on record
1
45 institutions · 1 482 of 1 620 vouchered records shown · 136 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA61 detections
Where the DNA of Amara brunnea was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found61
Studies independent surveys3
Countries6
Verifiable raw sequence linked30
Signal confidence: moderateweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 61 detections have coordinates
Open the map6 countries0
evergreenForestdeciduousForestshrubScrub
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median16.6 °C 12.4–17.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter20.6 °C
Max temp (day)20.7 °C 15.8–21.6
Min temp (night)12.6 °C 8.20–13.0
Precipitation81.0 mm/mo 72.6–107
Air humidity58.5 % 54.5–59.3
Moisture balance-37.9 mm/mo -41.4–-1.40
Vapour deficit816 Pa 558–818
Wind speed3.10 m/s 1.70–3.40
Cloud cover47.7 % 44.7–60.7
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 61 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation1 languages↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 928 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI61 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics45 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗