Amanita phalloides
(Vaill. ex Fr.) Link · speciesAt a glance
Sources13 archives
Databases and archives Amanita phalloides's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation19 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility29 971 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System2 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI475 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics35 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Amanita phalloides (), commonly known as the death cap, is a deadly poisonous basidiomycete fungus, one of many in the genus Amanita. Widely distributed across Europe, but now sprouting in other parts of the world, A. phalloides forms ectomycorrhizas with various broadleaved trees. In some cases, the death cap has been introduced to new regions with the cultivation of non-native species of oak, chestnut, and pine. The large fruiting bodies (mushrooms) appear in summer and autumn; the caps are generally greenish in colour with a white stipe and gills. The cap colour is variable, including white forms, and is thus not a reliable identifier. These toxic mushrooms resemble several edible species (most notably Caesar's mushroom and the straw mushroom) commonly consumed by humans, increasing the risk of accidental poisoning. Amatoxins, the class of toxins found in these mushrooms, are thermostable: they resist changes due to heat, so their toxic effects are not reduced by cooking. A. phalloides is one of the most poisonous of all known mushrooms. It is estimated that as little as half a mushroom contains enough toxin to kill an adult human. It has been involved in the majority of human deaths from mushroom poisoning,Benjamin, p.200. possibly including Roman Emperor Claudius in AD 54 and Holy Roman Emperor Charles VI in 1740. It has been the subject of much research and many of its biologically active agents have been isolated. The principal toxic constituent is α-amanitin, which causes liver and kidney failure.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
No structured trait data for this taxon yet.
Compounds documented for Amanita phalloides across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds58 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (10S)-10-[(9R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-1,8-dihydroxy-3-(hydroxymethyl)-10H-anthracen-9-one | present | NPASS | |
| (10S)-10-[(9R)-4,5-dihydroxy-2-methyl-10-oxo-9H-anthracen-9-yl]-1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-10H-anthracen-9-one | present | NPASS | |
| (1R,14S,18R,20R,23S,28R,31R,34S)-28-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylpropyl]-18-hydroxy-34-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-23,31-dimethyl-12-thia-10,16,22,25,27,30,33,36-octazapentacyclo[12.11.11.03,11.04,9.016,20]hexatriaconta-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-15,21,24,26,29,32,35-heptone | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,14R,18S,20S,23S,28S,31S,34R)-18-hydroxy-34-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-23,31-dimethyl-12-thia-10,16,22,25,27,30,33,36-octazapentacyclo[12.11.11.03,11.04,9.016,20]hexatriaconta-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-15,21,24,26,29,32,35-heptone | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,14R,18S,20S,23S,28S,31S,34R)-28-[2,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)propyl]-18-hydroxy-34-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-23,31-dimethyl-12-thia-10,16,22,25,27,30,33,36-octazapentacyclo[12.11.11.03,11.04,9.016,20]hexatriaconta-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-15,21,24,26,29,32,35-heptone | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,14R,20S,23S,28S,31S,34R)-34-[(1S)-1-hydroxyethyl]-28-(2-hydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-23,31-dimethyl-12-thia-10,16,22,25,27,30,33,36-octazapentacyclo[12.11.11.03,11.04,9.016,20]hexatriaconta-3(11),4,6,8-tetraene-15,21,24,26,29,32,35-heptone | present | LOTUS | |
| (2S)-2-[(1S,14R,18S,20S,23S,28S,31S,34R)-28-(2,3-dihydroxy-2-methylpropyl)-18-hydroxy-23-methyl-15,21,24,26,29,32,35-heptaoxo-31-propan-2-yl-12-thia-10,16,22,25,27,30,33,36-octazapentacyclo[12.11.11.03,11.04,9.016,20]hexatriaconta-3(11),4,6,8-tetraen-34-yl]-2-hydroxyacetic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-[(1R,4S,8R,10S,13S,16S,27S,34S)-34-[(2S)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-[(1S,4S,10S,13S,16S,34S)-34-[(2R)-butan-2-yl]-13-[(2R,3R)-3,4-dihydroxybutan-2-yl]-8,22-dihydroxy-2,5,11,14,27,30,33,36,39-nonaoxo-27lambda4-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetic acid | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-[34-Butan-2-yl-8,22-dihydroxy-13-(3-hydroxybutan-2-yl)-2,5,11,14,30,33,36,39-octaoxo-27-thia-3,6,12,15,25,29,32,35,38-nonazapentacyclo[14.12.11.06,10.018,26.019,24]nonatriaconta-18(26),19(24),20,22-tetraen-4-yl]acetamide | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Amanita phalloides has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
Besides the big genome in the nucleus, cells carry a small, circular loop of DNA inside the cell's energy factories — the mitochondria. It is inherited almost only from the mother and is a leftover from ancient bacteria that moved into the cell. The mitochondrial markers above (ND*, COX, CYTB…) are read from exactly this loop. Outer ring = one strand, inner ring = the other.
The complete instruction manual Amanita phalloides carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type29 973 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions36 of 60 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| Bronx, US | 178 |
| Olocation not on record | 77 |
| Kyiv, UA | 76 |
| LDlocation not on record | 62 |
| Uniwersytet Łódzkilocation not on record | 48 |
| Helsinki, FI | 38 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 35 |
| San Sebastián, ES | 30 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 28 |
| Vitoria, ES | 26 |
| Auckland, NZ | 26 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 23 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 21 |
| Córdoba, ES | 21 |
| Uppsala, SE | 19 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 19 |
| Philadelphia, US | 19 |
| Görlitz, DE | 17 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 17 |
| Copenhagen, DK | 16 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 16 |
| TUR-Alocation not on record | 15 |
| JA-CAGPDS-CAMlocation not on record | 15 |
| Kew, GB | 14 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 14 |
| WU-MYClocation not on record | 10 |
| Zürich, CH | 9 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 7 |
| Tartu, EE | 7 |
| MAlocation not on record | 7 |
| Göteborg, SE | 6 |
| Canberra, AU | 5 |
| Universidade de Lisboa, Museu Bocagelocation not on record | 5 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 4 |
| St. Paul, US | 4 |
| Salzburg, AT | 4 |
| University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 4 |
| Toronto, CA | 3 |
| University of Oslo, Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Mérida, ES | 3 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Oulu, FI | 3 |
| Turku, FI | 3 |
| California State University, East Baylocation not on record | 2 |
| V. N. Karazin National Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Staten Island, US | 2 |
| Bardejov, SK | 2 |
| Hobart, AU | 2 |
| US | 1 |
| Jyväskylä, FI | 1 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 1 |
| Kuopio, FI | 1 |
| Adelaide, AU | 1 |
| Orto botanico di Lucca | Botanical Garden of Luccalocation not on record | 1 |
| Berlin, DE | 1 |
| Brisbane, AU | 1 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 1 |
| Kensington, AU | 1 |
| Warsaw, PL | 1 |
| Stockholm, SE | 1 |
Where the DNA of Amanita phalloides was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.