Alophoixus phaeocephalus

(Hartlaub, 1844) · species

image placeholder — illustration coming later

Animalia/Chordata/Aves/Passeriformes/Pycnonotidae/Alophoixus

At a glance

Occurrence records8 693

Data sources8

Biological traits22

DNA specimens5

eDNA detections4

Sources8 archives

Databases and archives Alophoixus phaeocephalus's data was compiled from.

WikipediaWikimedia Foundation7 languages↗

BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗

GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility8 693 records↗

ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI4 eDNA detections↗

BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics5 specimens↗

WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗

IOC World Bird ListIOCbird checklist↗

GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗

On this page5 sections

Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.

NarrativeWikipediaarticle

Traits & measurements3 literature sources22 traits

Occurrence & distributionGBIF8 693 records

Environmental DNA1 datasets · 1 countries4 detections

DNA & barcodingBOLD5 specimens

01Narrative

The yellow-bellied bulbul (Alophoixus phaeocephalus) is a species of songbird in the bulbul family, Pycnonotidae. It is found on the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra and Borneo. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

No narrative description available for this taxon yet.

02Traits & measurements

SourcesEltonTraitsAVONETAmnioteDB

Size & morphology11

Beak depth6.5 mm

Beak length (culmen)20.5 mm

Beak length (nares)13.6 mm

Beak width5.4 mm

Body mass32 g

Hand-wing index13.8

Kipp's distance13.2 mm

Secondary length82.4 mm

Tail length80.6 mm

Tarsus length19.9 mm

Wing length94.4 mm

Life cycle & reproduction1

Litter size2

Diet & foraging6

Fruit50 %

Invertebrate50 %

Midhigh50 %

Trophic levelomnivore

Trophic nicheOmnivore

Understory50 %

Habitat & environment4

HabitatForest

Migration1.0

Primary lifestyleInsessorial

Range size1 368 840 km²

05DNA & barcoding5 specimens

A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Alophoixus phaeocephalus has left across the world's sequence archives.

At a glance

DNA specimens5

BINs3

Marker genes2

eDNA detections4

Countries1

The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen

COI-5P659 bp consensus4 specimens

ACGT

▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies

Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 86% of positions are identical in every specimen.

Where individuals differ — all 95 variable positions, in barcode order

14Cvariable

41Cvariable

44Cmostly conserved

50Avariable

65Cmostly conserved

71Avariable

72Amostly conserved

77Cvariable

80Avariable

86Cvariable

92Tmostly conserved

116Amostly conserved

119Avariable

125Avariable

128Cvariable

134Amostly conserved

137Cvariable

147Cmostly conserved

152Cmostly conserved

155Avariable

161Amostly conserved

164Cvariable

170Avariable

176Cvariable

179Avariable

188Avariable

191Avariable

203Amostly conserved

206Cmostly conserved

209Cmostly conserved

215Amostly conserved

218Avariable

221Cvariable

234Cmostly conserved

236Amostly conserved

239Gmostly conserved

242Amostly conserved

248Cvariable

261Gmostly conserved

269Cmostly conserved

272Amostly conserved

284Avariable

290Tmostly conserved

305Tmostly conserved

311Amostly conserved

320Cmostly conserved

329Avariable

332Avariable

336Cmostly conserved

338Avariable

341Cvariable

353Amostly conserved

359Avariable

365Tmostly conserved

368Cmostly conserved

377Cvariable

378Cmostly conserved

380Amostly conserved

383Amostly conserved

395Tmostly conserved

401Avariable

425Tmostly conserved

437Avariable

440Cmostly conserved

449Cvariable

452Amostly conserved

455Cmostly conserved

458Avariable

467Avariable

468Cmostly conserved

470Amostly conserved

473Tmostly conserved

482Avariable

485Amostly conserved

488Amostly conserved

491Cvariable

497Avariable

500Gvariable

506Avariable

509Tvariable

515Tmostly conserved

518Tmostly conserved

524Cvariable

527Gmostly conserved

530Amostly conserved

533Cmostly conserved

551Tmostly conserved

563Cvariable

581Avariable

584Cmostly conserved

590Amostly conserved

593Gvariable

602Cvariable

614Tvariable

632Gvariable

TAAGCCTCCTCATCCGAGCAGAACTAGGCCAACCAGGAGCCCTCCTGGGAGACGACCAAATCTACAACGTAATCGTCACAGCCCACGCTT …

Variant network

Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.

Diversity (π)8.5%

Haplotypes3

BINs3

Most divergent pair10.8%

Asia

Closest relatives by DNA barcode

The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.

Alophoixus bressame genus7.8%Alophoixus flaveolussame genus7.9%Actinodura morrisonianasame order9.3%Vireo magistersame order9.4%Quiscalus mexicanussame order9.4%

Marker genes sequenced

★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.

★COI-5PND2

animal barcodemitochondrial

08Occurrence & distribution

Record type8 693 records

Wild obs. + sensor8 591

Museum / vouchered102

Origin

Native17

Range

Area of Occupancy AOO3 016 km²

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

Coordinate accuracy72% within 1 km

≤100 m 87≤1 km 62≤10 km 38>10 km 21

208 georeferenced · 8 383 without coordinates

Open the mapobservation + sensor8 591

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.

Coordinate accuracy0% within 1 km

≤10 km 10>10 km 10

20 georeferenced · 82 without coordinates

Open the institutions mapphysical evidence102

Wildobservation + sensor

Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.

10Collections & institutions

Holding institutions7 of 8 geolocated

Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.

Institution	Specimens
Philadelphia, US	51
Louisiana State University, Museum of Zoologylocation not on record	11
New Haven, US	9
Ann Arbor, US	9
Wuzhou, CN	6
Honolulu, US	5
Seattle, US	4
Copenhagen, DK	1

8 institutions · 96 of 102 vouchered records shown · 6 without an institution code

09Environmental DNA4 detections

Where the DNA of Alophoixus phaeocephalus was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.

Signal

Detections DNA found4

Studies independent surveys1

Countries1

Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections

Where its DNA was found

0 of 4 detections have coordinates

Open the map1 country0

How strong is each trace?

DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.

Modelled climatemodelled

−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C

Temperature median23.9 °C 23.0–25.8

Seasonal swing summer↔winter1.50 °C

Max temp (day)27.2 °C 26.2–29.4

Min temp (night)20.6 °C 19.5–22.6

Precipitation258 mm/mo 190–358

Air humidity70.8 % 69.2–71.1

Moisture balance129 mm/mo 51.7–227

Vapour deficit855 Pa 817–1,019

Wind speed1.60 m/s 0.9–1.90

Cloud cover66.1 % 61.6–67.6

CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 4 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche

How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.

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The Life Data · species page · narrative wired to read_model image placeholder · 3D tilt requires an http server (WebGL)

Alophoixus phaeocephalus

At a glance

Sources8 archives

Size & morphology11

Life cycle & reproduction1

Diet & foraging6

Habitat & environment4

At a glance

Record type8 693 records

Origin

Range

Wildobservation + sensor

Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence

Wildobservation + sensor

Holding institutions7 of 8 geolocated

Signal

Where its DNA was found

How strong is each trace?

Modelled climatemodelled

Record type8 693 records