Size & morphology4
Plant height0.3 m
Seed mass1.66 mg
Seed mass max1.66 mg
Seed mass min1.66 mg
Life cycle & reproduction25
After harvest regrowth rateSlow
Bloom periodEarly Spring
Coppice potentialNo
Flower colourred
Flower conspicuousYes
Fruit seed period beginSpring
Fruit seed period endSummer
Growth rate USDARapid
Life formbulbous geophyte
Life spanperennial
Lifespan categoryShort
Propagated by bare rootNo
Propagated by bulbYes
Propagated by containerNo
Propagated by cormNo
Propagated by cuttingsNo
Propagated by seedYes
Propagated by sodNo
Propagated by sprigsNo
Propagated by tubersNo
Raunkiær life formcryptophyte
Resprout abilityNo
Seed spread rateSlow
Seedling vigorMedium
Vegetative spread rateSlow
Diet & foraging1
Parasiteindependent
Habitat & environment24
Active growth periodSpring
Adapted to coarse textured soilsYes
Adapted to fine textured soilsYes
Adapted to medium textured soilsYes
Aquaticterrestrial
BloatNone
Climatetemperate
Climberself-supporting
Epiphyteterrestrial
Foliage colorGreen
Foliage porosity summerPorous
Foliage porosity winterPorous
Foliage textureMedium
Fruit colourbrown
Growth formherb
Growth form USDASingle Crown
Hedge toleranceNone
Known allelopathNo
Leaf retentionNo
Low growing grassNo
Root depth min8 in
Shape and orientationErect
Small grainNo
Woodinessnon-woody
Physiology & chemistry20
Anaerobic toleranceNone
C:N ratioMedium
Caco3 toleranceMedium
Cold stratification requiredNo
Drought toleranceHigh
Fertility requirementLow
Fire resistantNo
Fire toleranceHigh
Frost free days min120 days
Moisture useMedium
Nitrogen fixation levelNone
Photosynthetic pathwayC3
Precipitation max16 in
Precipitation min8 in
Protein potentialLow
Salinity toleranceLow
Shade toleranceHigh
Soil pH max8 pH
Soil pH min6 pH
Temperature min-33 °F
Uses & economy14
Berry nut seed productNo
Christmas tree productNo
Commercial availabilityContracting Only
Fodder productYes
Lumber productNo
Naval store productNo
Nursery stock productNo
Palatable browse animalHigh
Palatable graze animalHigh
Palatable humanYes
Post productNo
Pulpwood productNo
ToxicityNone
Veneer productNo
Other traits6
Fall conspicuousNo
Fruit seed abundanceLow
Fruit seed conspicuousYes
Fruit seed persistenceNo
Planting density max11 000 per acre
Planting density min4 800 per acre