Allium sativum
speciesAt a glance
Sources16 archives
Databases and archives Allium sativum's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation22 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility3 535 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI65 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics28 specimens↗
FooDBThe Metabolomics Innovation Centrecompounds↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
Paleobiology DatabasePBDB consortiumfossil record↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Garlic (Allium sativum) is a species of bulbous flowering plant in the genus Allium. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, Welsh onion and Chinese onion. It is native to South Asia, Central Asia and northeastern Iran and has long been used as a seasoning worldwide, with a history of several thousand years of human consumption and use. It was known to ancient Egyptians and has been used as both a food flavoring and a traditional medicine. China produces 76% of the world's supply of garlic.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology5
Life cycle & reproduction10
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment11
Physiology & chemistry3
Other traits4
Compounds documented for Allium sativum across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds6 152 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| L-Glutamic acid | 3,658 mg/100g | FooDB | |
| Arginine | 3,365 mg/100g | FooDB | |
| Nitrogen | 2,700 mg/100 g | FooDB | |
| Sugars | 2,430 mg/100g | FooDB | |
| (E)-2-Phenyl-2-butenal | 2,100 mg/100 g | FooDB | |
| Sucrose | 2,050 mg/100g | FooDB | |
| L-Aspartic acid | 1,890 mg/100g | FooDB |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Allium sativum has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Allium sativum carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 1673×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database · CCDB · ita-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn65 +9
n 81×CCDB · book-ipcn67-71
diploid1×GoaT · Kew Plant DNA C-values Database
diploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
Record type3 535 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions95 of 178 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 150 |
| ESP046location not on record | 81 |
| ROM007location not on record | 41 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 38 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 27 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 24 |
| Saint Louis, US | 17 |
| ROM023location not on record | 17 |
| Allentown, US | 14 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 12 |
| Bloomington, US | 12 |
| Leiden University Medical Centerlocation not on record | 11 |
| Philadelphia, US | 10 |
| Bern, CH | 10 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 9 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 8 |
| LDlocation not on record | 8 |
| Pullman, US | 7 |
| ESP198location not on record | 7 |
| Tartu, EE | 6 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 5 |
| Chengdu, CN | 5 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 5 |
| 云南省思茅市民族传统医药研究所location not on record | 5 |
| Pittsburg, US | 5 |
| Stadt Seeland, Ortsteil Gatersleben, DE | 5 |
| Görlitz, DE | 5 |
| ESP026location not on record | 4 |
| Guilin, CN | 4 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 4 |
| Hazara Universitylocation not on record | 4 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 4 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 4 |
| Fayetteville, US | 4 |
| Austin, US | 3 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 3 |
| Philadelphia, US | 3 |
| Kochi, JP | 3 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 3 |
| Salvador, BR | 3 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 3 |
| HRV044location not on record | 3 |
| Springfield, US | 3 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 3 |
| Vancouver, CA | 3 |
| Denver, US | 3 |
| Universidad del Quindío (UniQuindío)location not on record | 3 |
| Barcelona, ES | 3 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Pamplona, ES | 2 |
| Tokushima, JP | 2 |
| Porto Velho, BR | 2 |
| Muzaffarabad, PK | 2 |
| Mlocation not on record | 2 |
| Auckland, NZ | 2 |
| Université de Bordeauxlocation not on record | 2 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 2 |
| Durango, MX | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 2 |
| Riverside, US | 2 |
| Emporia, US | 2 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 2 |
| Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS)location not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Opolskilocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidade Federal do Ceara, Departamento de Biologialocation not on record | 2 |
| Stockholm, SE | 2 |
| Jaén, ES | 2 |
| Porto Alegre, BR | 2 |
| Fort Worth, US | 2 |
| BClocation not on record | 2 |
| UNEMATlocation not on record | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 2 |
| UFOPlocation not on record | 2 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Flagstaff, US | 2 |
| Blumenau, BR | 2 |
| UFMSlocation not on record | 2 |
| Universidad de Caldas (UCaldas)location not on record | 2 |
| Porrentruy, CH | 2 |
| UEPAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 2 |
| Berlin, DE | 2 |
| International Salmonella Centre (W.H.O.)location not on record | 2 |
| Mexico City, MX | 2 |
| Tallinn, EE | 2 |
| Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record | 2 |
| AZE014location not on record | 2 |
| Museo civico La Terra e l'Uomo di Crocetta del Montellolocation not on record | 2 |
| Madrid, ES | 1 |
| UNESP-FCAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kew, GB | 1 |
| Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paranálocation not on record | 1 |
| Fortaleza, BR | 1 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 1 |
| Laboratorio de Ictiologialocation not on record | 1 |
| Wlocation not on record | 1 |
| Logan, US | 1 |
| Linares, MX | 1 |
| Mérida, MX | 1 |
| San Francisco, US | 1 |
| Bronx, US | 1 |
| Buenos Aires, AR | 1 |
| UTPLlocation not on record | 1 |
| Little Rock, US | 1 |
| Puebla, MX | 1 |
| MAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Maringá, BR | 1 |
| Universidad Católica de Oriente (UCO)location not on record | 1 |
| Wuhan, CN | 1 |
| Instituto Amazónico de Investigaciones Científicas - SINCHIlocation not on record | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| Tilburg, NL | 1 |
| Russellville, US | 1 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNAL)location not on record | 1 |
| Columbia, US | 1 |
| HUFDlocation not on record | 1 |
| FUNEDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Conway, US | 1 |
| Toyama, JP | 1 |
| UMKClocation not on record | 1 |
| Ojo, NG | 1 |
| Clarksville, US | 1 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 1 |
| Jackson, US | 1 |
| Otaru, JP | 1 |
| St. Paul, US | 1 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 1 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 1 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 1 |
| Tuxtla Gutiérrez, MX | 1 |
| Bangkok, TH | 1 |
| Podgorica, ME | 1 |
| Sanda, JP | 1 |
| Austin, US | 1 |
| Olocation not on record | 1 |
| Shenzhen, CN | 1 |
| Criciúma, BR | 1 |
| Museo civico di Storia naturale Giacomo Doria di Genova | Giacomo Doria Natural History Museum in Genoalocation not on record | 1 |
| Uppsala, SE | 1 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Richmond, US | 1 |
| Henderson State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Tepatitlán de Morelos, MX | 1 |
| FLASlocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA)location not on record | 1 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 1 |
| Museo della Bonifica di San Donà di Piavelocation not on record | 1 |
| Nanjing, CN | 1 |
| Zhengzhou, CN | 1 |
| REALlocation not on record | 1 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 1 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 1 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 1 |
| Los Angeles, US | 1 |
| National Biodiversity Institute, Costa Ricalocation not on record | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Yaoundé, CM | 1 |
| Institut fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologielocation not on record | 1 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 1 |
| Dresden, DE | 1 |
| Salzburg, AT | 1 |
| Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiejlocation not on record | 1 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 1 |
| UChlocation not on record | 1 |
| UFBAlocation not on record | 1 |
| Philadelphia, US | 1 |
| Tlalnepantla, MX | 1 |
| Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldilocation not on record | 1 |
| LfUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Denton, US | 1 |
| Canadian Museum of Nature, National Herbarium of Canadalocation not on record | 1 |
| UNESClocation not on record | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Allium sativum was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Measured at samplingin-field
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.