Ailanthus altissima
(Mill.) Swingle · speciesAt a glance
Sources15 archives
Databases and archives Ailanthus altissima's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation18 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility190 426 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI32 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics39 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
dukesphytochemcompounds
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
NPASSNat. Product Activity & Species Sourcecompounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotype
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗Every layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Ailanthus altissima , commonly known as tree of heaven, ailanthus, varnish tree, or in Chinese as chouchun (), is a deciduous tree in the family Simaroubaceae. It is native to northeast and central China, and Taiwan. Unlike other members of the genus Ailanthus, it is found in temperate climates rather than the tropics. The tree grows rapidly, and is capable of reaching heights of 15 m in 25 years. While the species rarely lives more than 50 years, some specimens exceed 100 years of age. Its suckering ability allows this tree to clone itself indefinitely.Cite: Mais comme le fait remarquer Kowarik (2007), sa reproduction végétative le rend en quelque sorte très longévif, le premier individu introduit aux États-Unis en 1784 étant toujours présent grâce à ses drageons. (But as it is mentioned by Kowarik (2007), vegetative reproduction makes [A. altissima] very long-lived, in a way. The first individual planted in the United States in 1784 is still there thanks to its suckers.) It is considered a noxious weed and vigorous invasive species, and one of the worst invasive plant species in Europe and North America. In twenty-first century North America, the invasiveness of the species has been compounded by its harboring of the also destructive and invasive spotted lanternfly.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Size & morphology25
Life cycle & reproduction37
Diet & foraging2
Habitat & environment32
Physiology & chemistry29
Uses & economy16
Other traits11
Compounds documented for Ailanthus altissima across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile5 classes
Documented compounds197 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| FAT | 591,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| PROTEIN | 276,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| TANNIN | 120,000 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| AILANTHIIN | 49,600 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| QUASSIIN | 49,600 ppm | DukesPhytochem | |
| SHINJULACTONE-C | 10 ppm | DukesPhytochem |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Ailanthus altissima has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Ailanthus altissima carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 803×CCDB · book-fedorov · CCDB · CromoCat 2015
2n 642×CCDB · slov-fl · CCDB · book-ipcn75-78
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · family-scale
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Record type190 426 records
Origin
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions217 of 358 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| BISONlocation not on record | 682 |
| BIO-UNIPIlocation not on record | 526 |
| Beijing, CN | 255 |
| Philadelphia, US | 134 |
| Yangling, CN | 90 |
| Chongqing Museumlocation not on record | 77 |
| Bronx, US | 70 |
| Wuzhou, CN | 68 |
| Claremont, US | 54 |
| Odawara, JP | 52 |
| Mount Annan, AU | 48 |
| New Haven, US | 47 |
| MeiseBGlocation not on record | 41 |
| Nanjing, CN | 40 |
| New Brunswick, US | 38 |
| Williamsburg, US | 38 |
| Riverside, US | 37 |
| Allentown, US | 35 |
| Bloomington, US | 34 |
| Canberra, AU | 29 |
| Brisbane, AU | 29 |
| Adelaide, AU | 28 |
| Millersville, US | 27 |
| Uniwersytet Warszawskilocation not on record | 26 |
| Chapel Hill, US | 26 |
| Chengdu, CN | 26 |
| ASUlocation not on record | 26 |
| Madison, US | 25 |
| Ann Arbor, US | 25 |
| Toronto, CA | 25 |
| Nagano City, JP | 25 |
| Saint Louis, US | 24 |
| University of Stellenboschlocation not on record | 24 |
| BDBClocation not on record | 24 |
| Canadian Department of Agriculturelocation not on record | 23 |
| WTUlocation not on record | 22 |
| Moscow State Universitylocation not on record | 22 |
| San Diego, US | 22 |
| MAlocation not on record | 22 |
| Museo Entomologico de Leonlocation not on record | 22 |
| Davis, US | 20 |
| Bangkok, TH | 19 |
| Flagstaff, US | 19 |
| Tsukuba, JP | 19 |
| Bando, JP | 19 |
| LDlocation not on record | 18 |
| Lord Fairfax Community Collegelocation not on record | 17 |
| Albuquerque, US | 17 |
| College Park, US | 17 |
| Christchurch, NZ | 16 |
| Institute for Agricultural Bacteriology and Fermentation Biologylocation not on record | 16 |
| Morgantown, US | 16 |
| Corvallis, US | 16 |
| Wuhan, CN | 15 |
| Tokushima, JP | 15 |
| Fayetteville, US | 15 |
| Jaén, ES | 15 |
| Entomological Society of Latvialocation not on record | 15 |
| Pullman, US | 14 |
| Austin, US | 14 |
| Guilin, CN | 14 |
| Shanghai, CN | 14 |
| Berlin, DE | 13 |
| Auckland, NZ | 13 |
| Burlington, US | 13 |
| Shanxi Institute of Biologylocation not on record | 13 |
| CASlocation not on record | 13 |
| Natural History Museum Rotterdamlocation not on record | 12 |
| Denver, US | 12 |
| Barcelona, ES | 12 |
| València, ES | 12 |
| Sanda, JP | 11 |
| Provincia di Livornolocation not on record | 11 |
| Kochi, JP | 11 |
| Karlsruhe, DE | 11 |
| Tomioka, JP | 11 |
| Wellington, NZ | 11 |
| Tempe, US | 10 |
| SLU Artdatabankenlocation not on record | 10 |
| Fredericksburg, US | 10 |
| Badajoz, ES | 10 |
| Fort Worth, US | 10 |
| Vitoria, ES | 10 |
| Phoenix, US | 9 |
| CICYTEXlocation not on record | 9 |
| Xian, CN | 9 |
| Philadelphia, US | 9 |
| Görlitz, DE | 9 |
| Armidale, AU | 9 |
| Staten Island, US | 9 |
| Wlocation not on record | 8 |
| College of the Atlantic, Museumlocation not on record | 8 |
| Arcata, US | 8 |
| San Luis Obispo, US | 8 |
| Herbarium of the Department of Botany, University of Tokyolocation not on record | 8 |
| Moscow, US | 8 |
| CJBGlocation not on record | 8 |
| Rotorua, NZ | 8 |
| Cape Town, ZA | 8 |
| Otaru, JP | 8 |
| BAYLUlocation not on record | 8 |
| 河南豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类国家级自然保护区location not on record | 8 |
| EL PASO, US | 7 |
| Sagamihara, JP | 7 |
| Knoxville, US | 7 |
| Chiba, JP | 7 |
| Jackson, US | 7 |
| GAlocation not on record | 7 |
| UChlocation not on record | 7 |
| Xinxiang, CN | 7 |
| GMBAlocation not on record | 7 |
| DOI/NPS, Little Rock Central High School National Historic Sitelocation not on record | 7 |
| BClocation not on record | 7 |
| Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznańlocation not on record | 7 |
| Zhejiang Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 7 |
| Zhejiang Universitylocation not on record | 7 |
| Santa Barbara, US | 7 |
| Logan, US | 7 |
| Chengdu, CN | 7 |
| Vancouver, CA | 6 |
| John T. Waterhouse Herbariumlocation not on record | 6 |
| Kensington, AU | 6 |
| Oskarshamn, SE | 6 |
| Clemson, US | 6 |
| GJOlocation not on record | 6 |
| Anhui Normal Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Ernst-Moritz-Arndt-Universitat Greifswaldlocation not on record | 6 |
| China Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 6 |
| Denton, US | 6 |
| Tuscaloosa, US | 6 |
| Dekalb, US | 6 |
| AUAlocation not on record | 6 |
| Columbia, US | 6 |
| Henry Brockhouse Collectionlocation not on record | 6 |
| Dresden, DE | 5 |
| JP | 5 |
| Córdoba, ES | 5 |
| South Kensington, GB | 5 |
| Batemans Bay, AU | 5 |
| Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record | 5 |
| Chapingo, MX | 5 |
| KURAlocation not on record | 5 |
| Akita Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| Salzburg, AT | 5 |
| Tianjin Natural History Museumlocation not on record | 5 |
| KOMlocation not on record | 5 |
| Mlocation not on record | 5 |
| Madrid, ES | 5 |
| GBS RAN - Glavny Botanichesky Sad Rossijskoj Akademii Nauklocation not on record | 5 |
| Kew, GB | 5 |
| Hudson, US | 5 |
| Tampa, US | 5 |
| Granada, ES | 5 |
| Long Beach, US | 5 |
| FFPRIlocation not on record | 5 |
| Pittsburg, US | 5 |
| Sendai, JP | 5 |
| Springfield, US | 5 |
| Orem, US | 5 |
| Norfolk, US | 4 |
| Northridge, US | 4 |
| Sugadaira Research Station, Mountain Science Center, University of Tsukubalocation not on record | 4 |
| Johnson City, US | 4 |
| Durango, MX | 4 |
| Durango, US | 4 |
| Boise, US | 4 |
| Uniwersytet Wrocławskilocation not on record | 4 |
| Fredericton Stock Culture Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Tilburg, NL | 4 |
| Shanghai, CN | 4 |
| Pretoria, ZA | 4 |
| Hiratsuka City Museumlocation not on record | 4 |
| inatura Erlebnis Naturschau GmbHlocation not on record | 4 |
| Lubbock, US | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Greenbelt Parklocation not on record | 4 |
| McWane Science Centerlocation not on record | 4 |
| Nagatoro-machi, Chichibu-gun, JP | 4 |
| Severin-McDaniel Insect Collectionlocation not on record | 4 |
| Angwin, US | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Mississippi National River & Recreation Arealocation not on record | 4 |
| Nijmegen, NL | 4 |
| Durban, ZA | 4 |
| Seoul, KR | 4 |
| DOI/NPS, Selma to Montgomery National Historic Traillocation not on record | 4 |
| Richmond, US | 4 |
| Chicago, US | 3 |
| Zhuzhou, CN | 3 |
| Strecker Museum, Baylor Universitylocation not on record | 3 |
| Chengdu, CN | 3 |
| Ypsilanti, US | 3 |
| Osaka, JP | 3 |
| BFLlocation not on record | 3 |
| SXPHClocation not on record | 3 |
| Urumqi, CN | 3 |
| Taipei, TW | 3 |
| Irvine, US | 3 |
| Fairfax, US | 3 |
| University of Guelph, OAC Herbariumlocation not on record | 3 |
| Hobart, AU | 3 |
| Royal Botanical Gardenslocation not on record | 3 |
| Portland, US | 3 |
| Davenport, US | 3 |
| Phyletisches Museum Jenalocation not on record | 3 |
| The University of Arizonalocation not on record | 3 |
| North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record | 3 |
| Durham, US | 3 |
| Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicachlocation not on record | 3 |
| Alicante, ES | 3 |
| US | 3 |
| Göteborg, SE | 3 |
| San Jose, US | 3 |
| Conservatoire botanique national du Bassin parisienlocation not on record | 2 |
| Museo universitario di Chietilocation not on record | 2 |
| Edinburgh, GB | 2 |
| ISAlocation not on record | 2 |
| Mississippi State, US | 2 |
| St. Paul, US | 2 |
| J.F.Oberlin Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Frankfurt am Main | 2 |
| Fukushima Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Edmonton, CA | 2 |
| Nishihara, JP | 2 |
| Lake Charles, US | 2 |
| IDElocation not on record | 2 |
| Lincoln, US | 2 |
| Jena Microbial Resource Collectionlocation not on record | 2 |
| Hebei Normal Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Wollongong, AU | 2 |
| University of Tennessee at Chattanoogalocation not on record | 2 |
| Valparaiso, CL | 2 |
| Nagasaki University - Fisherieslocation not on record | 2 |
| Kyoto Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| Parthenon Tama History Museumlocation not on record | 2 |
| Uniwersytet Jagiellońskilocation not on record | 2 |
| SDFlocation not on record | 2 |
| Tall Timbers Research Stationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Chadron, US | 2 |
| BRNUlocation not on record | 2 |
| Jiangxi College of Educationlocation not on record | 2 |
| Nanjing, CN | 2 |
| Bern, CH | 2 |
| Guizhou Forestry Schoollocation not on record | 2 |
| Museum of the Rockieslocation not on record | 2 |
| Grand Junction, US | 2 |
| Santa Cruz, US | 2 |
| DMZ botanic gardenlocation not on record | 2 |
| Keene State Universitylocation not on record | 2 |
| South African National Biodiversity Institute, Compton Herbariumlocation not on record | 2 |
| DOI/NPS, Colonial National Historical Parklocation not on record | 2 |
| Córdoba, AR | 2 |
| National Institute of Biological Resourceslocation not on record | 2 |
| Cambridge, US | 2 |
| Istituto Agrario Castelnuovolocation not on record | 2 |
| Guangzhou, CN | 2 |
| Toyama, JP | 2 |
| Macomb, US | 2 |
| Guiyang, CN | 2 |
| EEZA-CSIClocation not on record | 2 |
| Jiujiang Forestry Institutelocation not on record | 2 |
| Guiyang, CN | 2 |
| Toyota city nature sanctuarylocation not on record | 2 |
| Tartu, EE | 2 |
| James F. Matthews Center for Biodiversity Studieslocation not on record | 2 |
| Institut und Museum fuer Geologie und Palaeontologielocation not on record | 2 |
| Salamanca, ES | 2 |
| Los Angeles, US | 2 |
| Guasave, MX | 2 |
| Cincinnati, US | 2 |
| James Cook Townsvillelocation not on record | 1 |
| Ivano-Frankove, UA | 1 |
| Hermosillo, MX | 1 |
| Xiamen, CN | 1 |
| Mérida, MX | 1 |
| JBSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Zürich, CH | 1 |
| West Virginia Wesleyan Collegelocation not on record | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Conway, US | 1 |
| GZFlocation not on record | 1 |
| Turlock, US | 1 |
| Iwate Prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Gifu prefectural Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Cheney, US | 1 |
| Fullerton, US | 1 |
| H-Schuhwlocation not on record | 1 |
| Honolulu, US | 1 |
| Catalina Island Conservancylocation not on record | 1 |
| Herbarium of South China Botanical Gardenlocation not on record | 1 |
| Kingston, US | 1 |
| Cambridge, US | 1 |
| Chicago, US | 1 |
| USFSlocation not on record | 1 |
| Guiyang, CN | 1 |
| Awka, NG | 1 |
| Universite de Montpellierlocation not on record | 1 |
| Victoria, CA | 1 |
| Frauenfeld, CH | 1 |
| Hunan Geological Museumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Brookings, US | 1 |
| Henderson, US | 1 |
| GZUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Tennessee Technological Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Due West, US | 1 |
| Whitewater, US | 1 |
| Little Rock, US | 1 |
| UIBlocation not on record | 1 |
| US | 1 |
| Nanchong, CN | 1 |
| Mohonk Preservelocation not on record | 1 |
| Kirksville, US | 1 |
| University of Johannesburglocation not on record | 1 |
| University of North Carolina at Pembrokelocation not on record | 1 |
| Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Scienceslocation not on record | 1 |
| SIHUlocation not on record | 1 |
| Royal Botanic Gardens, Kewlocation not on record | 1 |
| FJIDClocation not on record | 1 |
| San Angelo, US | 1 |
| Whitehorse, CA | 1 |
| Staatliches Museum fuer Naturkunde Karlsruhe (State Museum of Natural History)location not on record | 1 |
| Hazara Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Audubon Society -- Silver Bluff Audubon Center and Sanctuarylocation not on record | 1 |
| Spearfish, US | 1 |
| Shanxi Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Alexandria Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Conway, US | 1 |
| Beijing, CN | 1 |
| Valdosta State Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Universidad del Pais Vasco (UPV/EHU)location not on record | 1 |
| Pamplona, ES | 1 |
| Sapporo, JP | 1 |
| Viña del Mar, CL | 1 |
| Truckee, US | 1 |
| J. Rusek Collectionlocation not on record | 1 |
| Ishikawa Museum of Natural Historylocation not on record | 1 |
| Taipei, TW | 1 |
| HUFDlocation not on record | 1 |
| Shenyang Agricultural Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Durham, US | 1 |
| Green Bay, US | 1 |
| Taiyuan Normal Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| Puebla, MX | 1 |
| Mexico City, MX | 1 |
| San Isidro, AR | 1 |
| San Diego Natural History Museum, Herbariumlocation not on record | 1 |
| Dover, US | 1 |
| University of New Hampshirelocation not on record | 1 |
| GB | 1 |
| Herbario Universidad de Concepciónlocation not on record | 1 |
| Post Graduate College Bannulocation not on record | 1 |
| Kunming, CN | 1 |
| Museum Ludovicae Ulricae, Zoology Institute of the University of Uppsalalocation not on record | 1 |
| Minia, EG | 1 |
| Miami, US | 1 |
| Waverly, US | 1 |
| University of Hamburglocation not on record | 1 |
| Palmerston, AU | 1 |
| Bourges, FR | 1 |
Cultivated / Captivenot free-living
A living individual in a botanical garden, zoo or nursery — cultivated or kept, not free-living.
Where the DNA of Ailanthus altissima was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
Modelled climatemodelled
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.