Aconitum ferox
Wall. ex Ser. · speciesAt a glance
Sources11 archives
Databases and archives Aconitum ferox's data was compiled from.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation5 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility25 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI10 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics10 specimens↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinesequences↗
LOTUSNatural Products (Wikidata)compounds↗
GRIN TaxonomyUSDA-ARSdistribution & uses↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
CCDBChromosome Counts DB · Tel Aviv U.genome & karyotype↗
PloiDBPloidy Databasegenome & karyotypeEvery layer below draws on the sources above — open one to explore it, or use ← → to move between tabs.
Aconitum ferox (syn. A. virorum) is a member of the monkshood genus Aconitum of the Ranunculaceae. The common name by which it is most often known in English is Indian Aconite, while the Hindi names used by practitioners of Ayurveda include वत्सनाभ vatsanabha (= "root resembling the navel of a child") and महाविषा mahavisha (= "great poison"). Jyothi, Amala, Naga, Aruna, Rajalakshmi R, Ashwinikumar, S and Bharati "Vatsanabha: an Agada Perspective" in IAMJ: Volume 4; Issue 07; July- 2016 http://www.iamj.in/posts/2016/images/upload/1235_1241.pdf Retrieved at 13.35 on 10/2/22. A tuberous-rooted, herbaceous perennial reaching 1.0 metre tall by 0.5 metres wide and tolerant of many soil types, Aconitum ferox forms the principal source of the Indian poison known variously as bikh, bish, and nabee. It contains large quantities of the extremely toxic alkaloid pseudaconitine (also known as nepaline, after Nepal) and is considered to be the most poisonous plant found in the Himalaya and one of the most poisonous in the world. The symptoms of poisoning usually appear 45 minutes to an hour after the consumption of a toxic dose and consist of numbness of the mouth and throat and vomiting. Respiration slows, with blood pressure falling synchronously, while the heart rate slows to 30-40 beats per minute. Consciousness characteristically remains unclouded until the end, which consists usually of death by asphyxiation, although occasionally of death due to cardiac arrest. Curry poisoning woman found guilty of murder, BBC News 2010-02-10 Monier-Williams lists it as one of the definitions of <bhRGga> or Bhringa.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
Life cycle & reproduction4
Diet & foraging1
Habitat & environment7
Compounds documented for Aconitum ferox across natural-product and food-composition databases — not just the ~150 nutrients on a classic label ("nutritional dark matter").
Compound class profile3 classes
Documented compounds23 total
| Compound | Class | Amount | Source |
|---|---|---|---|
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,16,18-tetrol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18S)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,16,18-tetrol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8R,9R,10S,13S,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,9,16-tetrol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13S,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-13-(hydroxymethyl)-6-methoxy-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecane-4,8,16-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (1S,2R,3R,4S,5S,6S,8S,9S,10R,13S,16S,17R)-11-ethyl-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo(7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17)nonadecane-4,8,16-triol | present | LOTUS | |
| (3R,4R,6S,7R,7aR,8S,9R,10S,11S,11aR,13R,14S)-1-Ethyl-4,9,11,11a-tetrahydroxy-6,10,13-trimethoxy-3-(methoxymethyl)tetradecahydro-2H-3,6a,12-(epiethane[1,1,2]triyl)-7,9-methanonaphtho[2,3-b]azocin-8-yl benzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| 2-Hydroxyquinoline | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2R,3R,4R,5S,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-5-hydroxy-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] benzoate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-11-ethyl-8,16,18-trihydroxy-6-methoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] acetate | present | LOTUS | |
| [(1S,2R,3R,4S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,13S,16S,17R,18R)-8-acetyloxy-11-ethyl-6,16,18-trimethoxy-13-(methoxymethyl)-11-azahexacyclo[7.7.2.12,5.01,10.03,8.013,17]nonadecan-4-yl] 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate | present | LOTUS |
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Aconitum ferox has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
The complete instruction manual Aconitum ferox carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Chromosomes & ploidyhow the DNA is packaged
2n is the full chromosome count in a normal body cell; n is a gamete (egg or sperm), which carries half. Ploidy is how many complete chromosome sets each cell holds — 2× (diploid) is typical for animals, while higher levels (polyploidy) are common in plants. Click any value below to see the underlying records and sources.
2n 348×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · book-indian_vol1 +1
2n 201×CCDB · book-indian_vol1
n 107×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · DCDB-2016
n 177×CCDB · ipcn-api-dl · CCDB · book-ipcn67-71 · CCDB · DCDB-2016
polyploid inferred1×PloiDB · genus-scale
Record type25 records
Range
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Holding institutions2 of 4 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
| Institution | Specimens |
|---|---|
| South Kensington, GB | 9 |
| Kew, GB | 2 |
| Natural History Museum, Tribhuvan Universitylocation not on record | 1 |
| THIMlocation not on record | 1 |
Where the DNA of Aconitum ferox was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Where its DNA was found
How strong is each trace?
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.