Abudefduf troschelii, the Pacific sergeant major or Panama sergeant major, is a species of damselfish belonging to the family Pomacentridae that can be identified by the pronounced black stripes on the lateral sides of the fish.Wibowo, K., Koeda, K., Muto, N. et al. Ichthyol Res (2018) 65: 471. Its specific name honors the zoologist Franz Hermann Troschel (1810-1882). It is native to the neritic pelagic zone of the shallow water coral reefs in the Eastern Pacific Ocean and they are an omnivorous species feeding on plankton and algae attached to their coral habitat. Abudefduf troschelii is a sister-species of A. saxatilis but have diverged from each other since the uplift of the isthmus of Panama, separated by the rise of the Panama land bridge 3.1 to 3.5 million years ago. Males, like in many other marine species, take care of and defend newborn A. troschelii after they have been hatched by eggs from the female. There are currently no major threats to the species and there is no indication of a current decline in its population size. The IUCN Red List lists this damselfish as being of “least concern”.
No narrative description available for this taxon yet.
A DNA barcode is a short, standardised stretch of genes that works like a fingerprint — enough to tell one species from another. Below is the molecular trace Abudefduf troschelii has left across the world's sequence archives.
At a glance
DNA specimens16
BINs1
Marker genes1
eDNA detections16
Countries6
The DNA barcodethe species' typical barcode, built from every sequenced specimen
COI-5P652 bp consensus16 specimens
ACGT
▸ drag or hover over the strip to read any position — letter and how much it varies
Violet ticks below the strip = positions where individuals differ; flat = the species' unchanging signature. 98% of positions are identical in every specimen.
Where individuals differ — all 11 variable positions, in barcode order
Each circle is a barcode variant; bigger = more specimens, colour = region. Lines join the most similar variants and the tick marks count the mutations between them — a tight cluster is one “dialect”, a long line a more divergent lineage. Click a circle to list its actual specimens.
Diversity (π)0.31%
Haplotypes7
BIN1
Most divergent pair0.61%
N.AmericaS.America
Closest relatives by DNA barcode
The species whose COI barcode is most similar to this one — a quick “who is this most like”. The percentage is how much the barcode differs; it approximates, but is not, the full evolutionary tree.
★ the standard DNA barcode for this group — the short region actually read to tell this species apart. The rest are extra genes sequenced along the way.
★COI-5P
animal barcode
06Genome at a glanceGoaT · NCBI
The complete instruction manualAbudefduf troschelii carries — its genome. We read it from three angles — how big it is, how the DNA is packed into chromosomes, and how completely it has been sequenced — and explain how to read each value as you go.
Genome sizehow big the whole instruction manual is
Genome size≈899 101 645 bp assembly estimate
Measured in base pairs (bp) — the individual letters of DNA (human ≈ 3.2 Gb, a bacterium a few million). The chart places this genome on a logarithmic scale — each step to the right is ten times bigger — among reference organisms. Across species a bigger genome loosely tracks with larger cells, slower growth and lower-energy lifestyles (powered flight favours small genomes) — yet it does not imply more genes or a more advanced organism (the long-standing C-value paradox).
BACTERIUM Carsonella ruddii0.00016 Gb
FUNGUS0.04 Gb
INSECT0.25 Gb
THIS GENOME Abudefduf troschelii0.90 Gb
HUMAN3.2 Gb
WHEAT17 Gb
FERN Tmesipteris160.45 Gb
Sequencing statusassembly quality — how far to trust these numbers
Assembly level tells you how finished the sequence is — from fragmented contigs, through scaffolds, up to a full chromosome-level assembly. BUSCO % estimates completeness: the share of genes expected to be present that were actually found. These describe the data quality, not the organism.
Assembly levelScaffold
07Deep time~1.03 Ma lineage
How far back this lineage goes — and how we know. Everything here is measured in Ma, short for “mega-annum”: millions of years ago. The chart reads left to right like a calendar of the Earth, from the deep past on the left to today at the right edgetop to bottom like a core drilled through the Earth, from the deep past at the top down to today at the bottom.
At a glance
DNA clock origin1.03 Ma TimeTree
When this lineage existed
How to read this: the coloured strip along the bottomdown the left is the geological calendar — the standard epochs (Pliocene, Pleistocene…) every museum uses, shown so you can see which chapter of Earth's history this lineage lived in. This lineage is a young one, so the strip is zoomed in to epochs — the finer subdivisions inside a period. The orange marker is the DNA clock: DNA accumulates mutations at a roughly steady rate, so comparing this species' DNA with its relatives estimates when the lineage split off — independently of any fossil.
DNA clock origin
08Occurrence & distribution
Record type5 424 records
Wild obs. + sensor4 294
Museum / vouchered1 099
Other31
Origin
Native192
Range
Area of Occupancy AOO5 168 km²
Depth
0–200 m sunlit184
200–1000 m twilight0
1–4 km midnight0
>4 km abyssal0
median 2.5 m · max 72.8 m · 184 records with depth
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
Coordinate accuracy84% within 1 km
≤100 m 1 124≤1 km 796≤10 km 238>10 km 124
2 282 georeferenced · 2 012 without coordinates
Open the mapobservation + sensor4 294
Museum / Voucheredphysical evidence
Backed by a physical specimen — a herbarium sheet, sample or voucher held in a collection. “Vouchered” means supported by material evidence, not just an observation.
Coordinate accuracy60% within 1 km
≤100 m 176≤1 km 58≤10 km 123>10 km 35
392 georeferenced · 707 without coordinates
Open the institutions mapphysical evidence1 099
Wildobservation + sensor
Human sightings and records, or camera-trap / sensor detections — someone (or a device) saw or captured the species in the wild.
10Collections & institutions
Holding institutions14 of 36 geolocated
Institutions and collections holding physical, vouchered specimens of this species — click a row to fly to it on the map.
Institution
Specimens
University of California San Diegolocation not on record
196
Los Angeles, US
164
CASlocation not on record
131
Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Instituto Politécnico Nacionallocation not on record
85
Morelia, MX
55
FishBaselocation not on record
40
Cambridge, US
36
Chicago, US
22
Mexico City, MX
19
Departamento para el Desarrollo Sustentable de Zonas Costeras, Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, Universidad de Guadalajaralocation not on record
16
Washington, US
15
Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey, Campus Sonora Nortelocation not on record
14
Facultad de Ciencias Marinas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja Californialocation not on record
13
Ciudad de México, MX
12
New Haven, US
10
Universidad del Marlocation not on record
8
Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Unidad Académica Mazatlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Méxicolocation not on record
7
Zacatecas, MX
7
Instituto Oceanográfico del Pacífico, Secretaría de Marinalocation not on record
7
Florida Museum of Natural History- Zoology, Paleontology & Paleobotanylocation not on record
7
Pontificia Universidad Javeriana (PUJ)location not on record
6
Puebla, MX
6
Frankfurt am Main
5
Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos y Acuicultura, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Universidad de Guadalajaralocation not on record
3
Universidad del Valle (UniValle)location not on record
3
Universidad Autónoma de Baja California Surlocation not on record
2
Ann Arbor, US
2
Texas Memorial Museum, Texas Natural History Collectionlocation not on record
2
North Carolina Museum of Natural Scienceslocation not on record
1
Universidad de los Andes (UniAndes)location not on record
1
Louisiana State University, Museum of Zoologylocation not on record
1
Centro Regional de Investigación Acuícola y Pesquera, Bahía de Banderas, Instituto Nacional de Pescalocation not on record
1
1
Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander von Humboldt (IAvH)location not on record
1
Paris, FR
1
Southeastern Louisiana University, Vertebrate Museumlocation not on record
1
36 institutions · 901 of 1 099 vouchered records shown · 6 without an institution code
09Environmental DNA16 detections
Where the DNA of Abudefduf troschelii was picked up in samples of water, soil or air — nobody saw the organism, only its DNA left behind. A trace is a clue that the species was near, not a confirmed sighting.
Signal
Detections DNA found16
Studies independent surveys1
Countries5
Signal confidence: weakweighed across independent studies, places & mapped detections
Where its DNA was found
0 of 16 detections have coordinates
Open the map5 countries0
How strong is each trace?
DNA read depthRead counts were not reported for this species — the map shows presence only, not how strong each trace was.
Modelled climatemodelled
−15°Ctemperature across detection sites+40°C
Temperature median25.6 °C 23.3–26.2
Seasonal swing summer↔winter1.40 °C
Max temp (day)27.4 °C 25.6–27.9
Min temp (night)24.1 °C 21.6–24.9
Precipitation27.7 mm/mo 3.40–570
Air humidity62.9 % 54.3–71.1
Moisture balance-93.5 mm/mo
Vapour deficit1,207 Pa 897–1,402
Wind speed7.00 m/s
Cloud cover19.7 % 13.1–51.6
CHELSA 1981–2010, ~9 km grid, at location & month of 16 detection points · median with p10–p90 · reflects where sampling happened, not only the true niche
How to read this: each dot is one detection of this species' DNA in an environmental sample. The confidence meter weighs how many independent studies and places back up the signal — one detection in one study is a hint; many across several studies is solid. Records dated before 2008 (when eDNA methods began) are treated as likely mislabeled and left off the map.
WikipediaWikimedia Foundation6 languages↗
BioWikiNetmultilingual Wikipediamultilingual↗
GBIFGlobal Biodiversity Information Facility4 333 records↗
OBISOcean Biodiversity Information System1 091 records↗
ENAEuropean Nucleotide Archive · EMBL-EBI16 eDNA detections↗
BOLD SystemsCentre for Biodiversity Genomics16 specimens↗
Open Tree of LifeOpenTreephylogeny backbone↗
GoaTGenomes on a Tree · Sangergenome & karyotype↗
NCBIUS National Library of Medicinegenome & karyotype↗
WikidataWikimedia Foundationstructured facts↗
Catalogue of LifeCOLtaxonomy↗
GLoBIGlobal Biotic Interactionsbiotic interactions↗